Magnetosomes, the organelles of magnetotactic bacteria, have nanometer-sized magnetic crystals surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and organize into chains via a dedicated cytoskeleton within the cell. Magnetosome proteins include approximately 30 proteins in M. gryphiswaldense MSR-1 and 78 proteins in M. magneticum AMB-1. These proteins are involved in the formation of magnetites. Mms 16,… Continue reading we speculate that ferrous ion may also be present in the cytoplasm in honeybees

Owing to lack of the structural basis, a-synuclein may not be able to direct mitochondrial fission or fusion. Although Kamp et al. described that a-synuclein could inhibit protein-free model membrane fusion in vitro, but the concentration of a-synuclein in these reactions was much higher than in normal cells. Therefore, it is difficult to rule out… Continue reading lending an evidence to support that asynuclein expression levels may not affect mitochondrial morphogenesis directly

As shown in Figure 1, mitochondrial length in SH-SY5Y cells remained almost the same after fixation for 30 min, and no excessive mitochondrial fragmentation was observed, suggesting that mitochondrial morphology in live cells is well reserved by fixation. Similar results were seen in other two cell lines. It is suggested that the mitochondrial fragmentation induced… Continue reading These indicate that more a-synuclein co-localizes with mitochondria in a-synuclein overexpressed cells

Buttner et al. showed that depletion of mitochondria DNA in yeast inhibits ROS formation and cell apoptosis induced by a-synuclein, further suggesting a direct functional connection between a-synuclein and mitochondria. More than those, a series of articles indicates that asynuclein may directly interact with mitochondria. We reported that, in addition to its predominantly cytosolic and… Continue reading a-synuclein lacks of rigid and ordered structure under physiological conditions in vitro

Interestingly, there are 2 E-box sequences in RELN promoter region, and we identified the recruitment of transcriptional repressor Snail to the RELN promoter after TGF-b1 treatment. In addition, we observed elevated expression of RELN mRNA after treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor, TSA, in ESCC cells, and Snail was also reported to be interacted with… Continue reading we speculated that Snail might interact with various classes of histone deacetylases in complexes