The local ethics committee that allowed us to perform liver biopsy only on a limited group of patients with clinical signs of impaired liver function at the enrolment in the trial. After NLCD, TGF-b serum concentration significantly decreased in CHC patients and not in NAFLD/NASH patients. To note, the TGF-b is not produced exclusively by the Treg cells, in fact, within inflammatory microenvironment, it is secreted by Kupffer cells and activated hepatic stellate cells, indicating that its reduction not necessarily to reflect the frequency of Treg cells, but rather the improving the hepatic condition. Moreover, CHC patients at the completion of the dietary regimen showed the same trend for the serum levels of HA. The down-regulation by the diet regimen of these two important validated biomarkers, for chronic liver inflammation, gains a statistical significance only in CHC patients, leading us to hypothesize that NLCD could have a potential improvement in the onset and progression of disease. Furthermore, these data are also in keeping with the lowering of systemic inflammation indices, such as high-sensitivity C reactive protein, after diet. Regarding the biochemical parameters, after 30 days of NLCD in both groups, we have not observed a reduction in body weight, in the concomitant BMI levels, and in homeostasis model assessment index, but rather a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol, with a tendency towards reduction in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These results reflect our intention of modulating only the lipid metabolism with a NLCD in both CHC and NAFLD/NASH patients. Further work in this area will no doubt yield insights into the impact of metabolic players on the shaping of the immune response. Many of the recent studies describe metabolic influence over T-cell fate and propose or included the initial evaluation of new molecular agonists and antagonists in animal models of autoimmune disease. In conclusion, this study suggests that a NLCD is able to regulate the Th17/Treg balance, by LXRs activation, reducing the risk of an adverse outcome LEE011 related to inflammation. A NLCD may result in a reduction in Th17 cells and recognized inflammatory complications of these cells in CHC including hepatic inflammation. Thus, our work supports the idea of a new approach in the management of chronic HCV-infected patients by changing lifestyle, promoting well-being and possibly hindering disease progression. Neonatal encephalopathy due to perinatal hypoxia-ischemia is an important cause of mortality and long-term neurological deficits such as cerebral palsy, seizures and mental retardation in babies born at term. However, therapeutic strategies for neonatal encephalopathy remain scarce. Hence, developing new treatment options for the newborn infant that effectively prevent or diminish the development of encephalopathy is of pivotal importance. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells have been shown to promote tissue repair in various disease models ranging from cardiovascular to graft-versus-host disease.