Which has been demonstrated to be a new intracellular regulator of p38 MAPK activation in cardiac myogenic differentiation. Han and colleagues reported that Leucyl-tRNA synthetase acts as a vital mediator for amino acid signaling to mTORC1, and the latter has been found to be related to the normal development of cardiovascular tissue. Human EPRS, the largest polypeptide from the complex, is a bifunctional enzyme in which the two domains exhibiting each catalytic activity are linked by three tandem WHEP motifs. EPRS contains 29 exons and 28 introns. In response to interferonc, EPRS is phosphorylated and released from its residence in the MSC. MSC then forms another multi-component complex, known as IFN-c–activated inhibitor of translation, with other regulatory proteins at a 39UTR region that is involved in the translational silencing of target transcripts, such as VEGF-A. As documented in many studies, VEGF-A shares a close relationship with CHD, and both the increased and decreased expression of VEGF-A during heart development can result in various CHD. The SNP rs2230301, a missense SNP located at the 23rd exon of the EPRS gene, may act as a part of the exonic splicing enhancer based on the online tool SNPinfo. The missense mutation would change the sequence of EPRS and may lead to protein misfolding and malfunction. We used a web-based analysis tool to predict the potential function of the SNPs, and rs2230301 was predicted to be a missense variant that may result in an amino acid alteration from aspartic acid to glutamic acid. The NCBI database confirmed the results. However, the predicted results differed from the in-silico analysis. To further validate the function of this variant, some functional BMN673 1207456-01-6 studies should be performed in some follow-up studies. The SNP rs1061248 is located at the 39 regulatory region of the EPRS gene with a predicted function as a MicroRNA-binding site. Considering its potentially functional role, it is likely that this polymorphism might alter miRNA binding, thereby modulating the biological function of EPRS. The two synonymous SNPs rs1061160 and rs5030754 were localized on the seventh exon and the eleventh exon, respectively. Recently, a synonymous SNP was reported to alter the function of the protein in certain circumstances. Several limitations of the present study need to be addressed. First, we did not replicate the results in additional individuals; this may contribute to potential false positive errors. The present analysis was restricted to individuals of Chinese Han descent, and therefore, the findings may not hold true for individuals of other races and ethnicities. Additionally, the limited sample size may contribute to the failed validation in the stratified analysis concerning the association between the SNPs and CHD. We performed the statistic power analysis of the significant SNPs in the studied population. The powers of three SNPs are lower than 0.6 because the sample size of our study is relatively small and the effects of our target common SNPs are weak. Further replication of the association signal in an independent cohort for the four SNPs would support the conclusions. Therefore, the results are required to be further replicated by well-designed studies in additional large-scale Chinese Han populations. Hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common primary liver cancer, is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases and the second-most frequent cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Half of the new liver cancer cases and liver cancer deaths worldwide were estimated to occur in China. The dismal prognosis of advanced HCC is largely caused by late detection of the tumors and its high rate of recurrence and metastasis.