Furthermore, HMW-bLf displayed stronger anti-cancer properties in terms of cytotoxicity and anti-cell proliferation activity. The possible actin degradation due to increased caspase-3 activity thereby, leading to apoptosis further signifies the need to explore the exact level of interesting interactions exhibited by HMW-bLf in modulating cancer cell death. Through preclinical and clinical studies, we and others have shown that NM-bLf and Fe-bLf can not only inhibit tumor development but also reduce growth and metastasis of solid tumors. Because of its widely reported multifunctional properties, and approval by FDA and European Food Safety Authority as a dietary supplement in food products NM-bLf is gaining recent attention as an important therapeutic and nutraceutical against cancer, chronic inflammatory, viral and microbial diseases. In this regard, further studies are therefore, needed to decipher the structural and functional nature of HMW-bLf with more powerful techniques for its in-depth molecular organization and biophysical characterization. This will lead to the identification of similarities and differences in the activities displayed by these two forms of bLf, and help in understanding the true potential bLf as a multifunctional bio-macromolecule, in meeting the aims of modern medicine. The related alphavirus Nevirapine Sindbis serves as a powerful model for studying RNA virus biology. Sindbis displays a wide host range, from mammals to insects, including Drosophila. The dissection of the Sindbis life cycle has long focused on mammalian cell-culture systems using both purified virus particles or self-replicating genomes incapable of forming virus particles. Significantly less was known about virus replication in the insect host. The recent introduction of genetically-inducible, selfamplifying Sindbis replicons that are stably inserted into the Thiostrepton Drosophila genome promise an even more detailed study of host factors affecting viral transcription and replication in vivo. We have recently shown that infectious Sindbis particles can be produced in vivo, in a cell-type specific manner, through transcomplementation from inducible, transgenic replicons. Here we develop an extended toolkit of transgenic replicons for the rapid visualization and quantitative study of Sindbis replication in this insect host.