Various breeds of pigs, regardless of age, are susceptible to TGEV; however, the mortality rate for piglets under 2 weeks of age is the highest, reaching almost 100%. Diseased pigs often present with vomiting, dehydration, and severe diarrhea. Further, the disease is known to affect pigs in many countries throughout the world and an outbreak can cause enormous losses in the pig industry. The pathogen, TGEV, which belongs to the Alphacoronavirus genus of the Coronavirinae subfamily within the family Coronaviridae, is an enveloped, nonsegmented, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. The envelop, core, and Sulindac nucleocapsid of the TGEV virion contain four major structural proteins: the nucleocapsid protein, the membrane glycoprotein, the small envelope protein, and the spike protein. The tropism and pathogenicity of the virus are influenced by the S protein, which has four major antigenic sites, A, B, C, and D, with site A being the major inducer of antibody neutralization. The M protein, which plays a central role in virus assembly by interacting with viral ribonucleoprotein and S glycoproteins, is embedded within the virus membrane and interacts with the nucleocapsid, forming the core of TGEV virion. In addition, the N-terminal domain of the M protein is essential for interferon alpha induction, which is involved in the host’s Colchicine innate immune response. The E protein, a transmembrane protein that acts as a minor structural component in TGEV and affects virus morphogenesis, is essential for virion assembly and release. TGEV RNA, along with the N protein, is infectious and invades the organism through the digestive and respiratory tracts, resulting in infection of the small intestinal enterocytes, villous atrophy, and severe watery diarrhea. These changes in intestinal health are known to be important during the pathogenesis of TGEV infection. Furthermore, corresponding to these pathologic changes observed in vivo, TGEV can also propagate and cause cytopathic effects in multiple types of cultured cells, such as swine testicular cells, PK-15 cells, and villous enterocytes. Notably, ST cells are more susceptible to TGEV, and higher levels of virus replication have been observed in this cell line.