A corollary to this hypothesis is such a finding may be most prevalent among those with atypical depression and participants who are obese, which was tested here with an analysis for the clinical and statistical significance of the relationship between self-control of food choice, obesity, and depression for each of four food types. Participants were seated one at a time at tables in a quiet room. Participants first completed the delay discounting task, which was adapted for use with food items. The delay discounting task asked participants to choose varying portions of a piece of cake, chicken wings, strawberries, and carrot sticks. Thus, participants completed the delay discounting task four times. Fig. 1 shows the food image for each delay discounting task. For each food type, participants were told, “In the following task, assume you could have each of the foods you will see pictured.” They were then given the option to choose to wait four hours for a whole portion or choose incrementally smaller portions, then incrementally larger portions. The indifference point was measured as the average of the points at which a participant switched from choosing a larger portion of food later to a smaller portion of that food now. To clarify each choice, an image of each serving option accompanied each choice. To clarify further the procedure, a participant began with being offered a whole portion now or a whole portion in four hours, then nine servings now or the whole portion in four hours, and so on until offered one serving now. At one serving, the immediate option increased again until the participant was again offered the whole portion now or the whole portion in 4 hours. Because hunger states would change during the course of the task if the foods were consumed, participants were only allowed to choose foods, not eat them. Also, food images, and not actual foods were used to avoid confounds regarding the influence/ changes in the sensory properties of the foods during the course of the task. Lower indifference points indicated less self-control/more impulsive food choices. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to test the relationship between impulsivity in food choice and the presence of obesity and depression. The results show an Malotilate interesting pattern that, when taken together, suggests that delay discounting, or the ability to control impulsive food choices, is related to the bi-directional risk of depression and obesity specifically for “comfort foods,” such as high fat and high sugar foods. Clinical significance was evident for BMI and depression with lower indifference points observed for moderately and severely depressed participants who were obese. Using fruits,Palonosetron hydrochloride clinical significance was evident for depression only, with lower indifference points evident among those who were severely depressed compared to those with scores in the normal range—this is consistent with recent studies showing enhance positive emotion after viewing fruits and expressing fruits in art. No clinical significance was evident using the vegetable, as would be expected based on evidence showing a relationship between reward discounting and impulsive behavior for patients with a mood disorder. Taken together, these findings show that delay discounting or “self-control” is related to the clinical severity of BMI and depression, with reduced self-control related to both disorders specifically for choices of comfort foods.