How phenotypic response can be combined with the diagnostic speed of PCR to yield drastically decreased detection times of antibiotic resistance. The real-time PCR antibiogram is determined by measuring the change in DCt values for different antibiotics against an untreated control. Variations in bacterial load post-exposure to an array of antibiotics are amplified by PCR, thus allowing pathogen detection and susceptibility to be obtained in much less time. Parameters for the simulation were optimized using experimental data and incubation times greater than 8+ hours allowed our detection system to assay cultures at,100 CFU/mL. The three-hour horizontal dashes before amplification depict manual sample preparation time. Recent innovations in susceptibility testing have largely failed to transcend the gold standard culture-based methods that have dominated Nitisinone clinical diagnostic laboratory protocols for the past 50+ years. Susceptibility testing of septicemia relies on either extended multi-day phenotypic methods that jeopardize patient survival or molecular genotyping techniques that are limited by the number of resistance cassettes the system can detect and that are unable to detect newly emergent resistance genes. These issues have resulted in the pervasive administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and the increased incidence and virulence of antimicrobial resistant septicemia. By combining universal phenotypic susceptibility testing with the rapid diagnostic capabilities of PCR, we have developed a superior method of direct susceptibility testing. The procedure determines susceptibility by monitoring pathogenic load with the highly conserved 16S rRNA gene in blood samples exposed to different antimicrobial drugs. The spread of non-indigenous species is claimed to cause dramatic ecological impacts and is considered a major threat for biodiversity conservation. The Mediterranean Sea is one of the areas of the world most severely hit by those impacts with about 955 introduced species, among which macroalgae are considered to be especially worrying because they may alter both ecosystem structure and function by monopolizing space and developing into ecosystem engineers. The red alga Womersleyella setacea R.E. Norris is one of at least eight species that can be assigned to the category of invasive macroalgae in the Mediterranean. In many Mediterranean Riociguat (BAY 63-2521) localities it is exceedingly abundant, forming thick, persistent carpets that completely cover deep sublittoral rocky substrata, have substantial negative effects on native communities, modify benthic assemblages, and outcompete key species.