Changes in the CHIR-99021 reproductive tract of female chickens, microRNA mediated post. To further investigate the possible involvement of miRNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulation during regeneration of the chicken oviduct, we performed screening to identify potential miRNAs targeting Sp1, STAT1, ANGPTL3 and p20K transcripts. These results indicate that specific chicken miRNAs interact with transcripts for at least these seven genes that determine oviduct development and remodeling, and regulate their expression posttranscriptionally during remodeling of reproductive organs. Emerging evidence from animal models suggests that microRNAs are expressed within the female reproductive tract and that posttranscriptional regulation of genes through miRNAs is essential to regulate cellular pathways for proper development and function of the organs. Even though miRNA-mediated gene regulation plays an important role in the synthesis of all proteins required for the rapid phenotypic changes occurring in the female reproductive tract, much less is known about it in oviductal tissue regression or recrudescence. Also, the identity and functional analysis of individual miRNAs expressed in the reproductive tract of chickens, and the identification of their specific mRNA targets are just now being identified. Although the significance of this regulation by the chicken miRNAs remains to be determined, results of the present study will be helpful in elucidating regulation of mechanisms whereby the suggested miRNAs participate in oviductal regression and remodeling processes. These results will also provide new research approaches and SCH772984 insights into how posttranscriptional regulation by miRNAs enhances reproductive efficiency and/or development of the reproductive organs. In summary, global gene expression profiles from our present microarray study using a well-established in vivo model for molting and regeneration of chicken oviductal tissue identified new molecular candidates regulating this process. Our findings also revealed the biological significance of genetic and miRNAmediated epigenetic regulation in morphological- and functional recrudescence of the reproductive tract in chickens. These findings provide new clues for further studies to determine regulatory roles of novel developmentally related genes and molecular mechanism for reproductive tissue remodeling in chickens. Epithelial ovarian cancer is a disease that is responsible for more cancer deaths among women in the Western world than all other gynecologic malignancies. EOC lethality primarily stems from the inability to detect the disease at an early, organ-confined stage, and the lack of effective therapies for advanced-stage disease. Indeed, despite treatment improvements, the majority of women continue to present at advanced stages with a 5-year survival rate of less than 40%. The currently established therapy of ovarian cancer includes radical surgical tumor debulking and subsequent platinum plus paclitaxel�Cbased chemotherapy. However, a significant risk of recurrence and resistance to therapy remains and when this occurs, ovarian cancer is currently incurable. So there is a need for new therapeutic targets and a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the spread 
of ovarian carcinoma. It is well established that cancer invasion and metastasis still represent the major causes of the failure of cancer treatment. Approximately 70% of patients with advanced-stage EOC have widespread intraperitoneal metastases, including the formation of malignant serous effusions within the peritoneal cavity. Pleural effusions constitute the most frequent site of distant metastasis. Unlike the majority of solid tumors, particularly at the primary site, cancer cells in effusions are not amenable to surgical removal, and failure in their eradication is one of the main causes of treatment failure.