Immunized with gD2-alum/MPL twice or three times at a dose of 5 mg of gD2. Compared with sham immunization, immunization with the gD2-alum/MPL led to 23fold, 508-fold, 442-fold, and 23fold reduction in challenge virus replication on days 1, 2, 3, and 5 post-challenge, respectively. Significantly, immunization with CJ2-gD2 is more robust in blocking acute challenge virus replication than the gD2-alum/MPL subunit vaccine. Yields of challenge virus in CJ2-gD2-immunized animals were,70-fold lower than gD2-alum/MPL-immunized animals on day 1 postchallenge, and 1600- and 3000-fold lower than sham-immunized control on days 1 and 2 post-challenge, respectively. The duration of challenge virus shedding was reduced to 2.6 days in CJ2-gD2immunized animals compared with 4.7 days in gD2-alum/MPL group and 8.9 days in sham-immunized animals. In accordance with its superiority in eliciting protective immunity against acute HSV-2 replication, immunization with CJ2-gD2 is also markedly superior to the gD2-alum/MPL in protecting against primary as well as recurrent HSV-2 genital disease. First, immunization with CJ2-gD2 provided nearly 100% protection against primary genital lesions after challenge with wild-type HSV-2. While 50% of gD2-alum/MPL-immunized animals experienced primary herpetic skin lesions with a total of 54 lesions detected between days 4 and 8, only one of the fourteen CJ2-gD2 immune animals exhibited a single mild herpetiform lesion from days 1 to 11 post-challenge. Second, CJ2-gD2 immunization resulted in significantly lower rates of recurrent disease in the immunized animals than did gD2-alum/MPL immunization in terms of the incidence, cumulative recurrent lesions per animal and days in which animals exhibited recurrent disease. Third, while recurrent disease could be observed in gD2alum/MPL vaccinated animals as late as day 50 post-challenge, no recurrent disease and recurrent virus shedding were detectable after day 37 post-challenge in CJ2-gD2-immunized animals. Lastly, no latent HSV-2 viral DNA was detectable in DRG of CJ2-gD2-immunized animals harvested on day 60 after challenge ; in contrast, four of fourteen gD2-alum/MPL immunized animals had detectable latent HSV-2 viral DNA. To date, no vaccine capable of completely preventing HSV infection has been reported. The induction of both effective mucosal and systemic immune responses is likely required for optimal protection against HSV genital infection. Given the recent studies that intranasal immunization of gD/liposome complex or gD-IgG2a Fc fusion protein in CpG can effectively elicit HSV-2-specific mucosal immunity, it would be of great interest to test whether the efficacy of CJ2-gD2 in eliciting mucosal immune response can be enhanced by a prime/boost regimen consisting of CJ2-gD2 and gD2 subunit vaccine. Deoxynivalenol is the most pervasive mycotoxin, which are found worldwide in various foods and animal feeds. The initial adverse effects observed after DON exposure are reduced feed intake, emesis, diarrhea, and anorexia. DON becomes a serious problem in animal production worldwide, AZD6244 especially in pigs, because of its adverse effects on brain, liver, kidney.